Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Database Europe v10,
European Late Pleistocene Isotopic stages 2 & 3: their ecology and cultural adaptations

• The database is put in a Microsoft Access 2002© file. This file is rather complex. However, it is easy to copy a querry into a Microsoft Excel© file.
  
  
• The basic item for a single form of the database is a layer or a horizon from a specific site.
• The different chronometric dates from a specific layer are grouped into a single form. In the space for sample information a reference to the grid square in the site can be mentioned.
• 10000 BP is normally the limit for a date to be included in the database.
• In an older version there was only a single position for the σ of the radiometric dates. If +1σ is not identical to -1σ, we given the highest value. This new version of the database has positions for +1σ and -1σ, and also for ‰Δ13C.
• An infinite date is indicated with σ=0 .
• We have avoided accents in the site names. Transcription from languages like Russian has often several forms because in the literature different transcriptions are used. We try to incorporate the different transcriptions.
• The Alexandria Digital Library Gazetteer Server Client (http://testbed.alexandria.ucsb.edu/gazclient/index.jsp) associates geographic names (place names and feature names) with geographic locations and other descriptive information. We used it to find the geographic location of a named place (site or town). If a map of the site(s) is available, we recently prefer to use Google Earth for a more precise location of the sites.
• When different cultural attributions are given in the literature, all of them will be given.
• Unreliable results can be indicated (In the remarks a reason can be given).
• The environmental data are still very restricted but we hope to fill the gap.
• Each radiometric date is given as such. It is not our purpose to evaluate the date. A poor dating procedure (e.g. too small sample, or incomplete treatment of the sample) can be mentioned. The database is sometimes reduced to basic information because other information we are looking for is not yet available or not found or not yet recorded.
• The literature reference is mainly the contribution that has furnished the data.
• All suggestions and corrections are welcome ( ) and will be incorporated in a new version which, we hope to make available twice a year. Next version (v.11) will be available end November 2009.

Frequently asked questions

Use the already prepared queries, or adapt them to your own use. A querry can easily be copied after "Edit", "Select All Records", "Copy". Paste into a MS-Excel form.

• How can I build a list of all 14C and AMS with the site identification and the geographical coordinates?
  
  Best is to proceed by copying the data of the querry "INQUA-View-all-14C" and put it in an Excel file.
  Sort the excel file by "ch-ams-age".
  In that file you delete the superfluous rows, which don't contain 14C data.
  
  Copy the data of the querry "INQUA-View-all-AMS" and proceed in the same way as above by deleting also the superfluous rows, which don't contain 14C data.
  
  Put both files together and save.
  You obtain the requested file (list of all 14C and AMS), which you can use for mapping or for any other purpose.
  
  You should take in account that some of the data will be duplicated in your file. For map plotting, this is not a problem as the points will coincide in your map.

• How can I build a list of all sites, even if no chronological data for some sites are available?
  
  Open the querry "site and coord". All 8200 sites are listed with their coordinates.

• How put the data on a map?
  
  Use a GIS programme such as MapInfo©, or other similar programmes. Use a Microsoft Excel© file for introducing your data. An example of a map of the Dordogne sites is as follows:
  
  If you have the possibility of joining Google Earth and your Gis, you can create maps such as this
  
  or the whole of Europe
  
  or you can even add the site names
  
  A form that can be opened for immediate use in Google earth is the *.kmz file "Feb2009.kmz" which will give you the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places".
   
• How use a blank form?
  
  Download a blank and complete the form. Take care to first fill in the name of the provider in the first part of the form; only later fill in the name of the site.

• Creating a new querry?
  
  Best approach to create a new querry is to start from an already existing querry. Open such a querry in "design view". Adapt the "field" and "table" and eventually the "criteria". Save as "another querry".

We are aware that many errors still occur in the database. This is due to errors we have introduced in compiling the data or in errors that we took over from the literature. It occurs e.g. that a specific lab-reference has two different results.

We would greatly appreciate if you agree to invest some time in providing information on newly available dates by filling in a blank form (one form for each layer of a site) found on the web site. The submitted dates will be incorporated as soon as possible into the database and will be available to all bona fide researchers in the next version of the database. Off-prints of contributions containing useful information for the database are also welcome. We will extract the data and put them in the database.

Our purpose is to continue the construction of the database, making corrections and improvements on each form and adding new forms. Final goal is a reliable database of the European Palaeolithic.